tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64546708261899009472024-03-14T00:48:00.718-07:00Offshore Balancing ActComments Largely on Politics, Economics, Culture, and Public Policy in South America/Comentarios Mayormente Sobre Políticas Sociales, Economía, Cultura, y Gobernabilidad en Sur América/Observações Principalmente Sobre Políticas Sociais, Economia, Cultura e Governabilidade na America do SulYorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-63715960081158914222023-03-20T07:15:00.006-07:002023-03-20T07:20:00.819-07:00<div style="text-align: left;"> <b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Paradox</span></b></div><p><span style="font-size: large;">Tudo brasileiro tem uma dosis de ser safado...e tudo americano tem uma dosis de ser belicoso. </span></p>Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-75960730954581930152020-03-24T11:15:00.000-07:002020-03-24T11:20:44.894-07:00<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">Coronavirus</span></span><b><span style="color: red;"> </span>(Em Português abaixo)</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">After living in Brazil for three months, I had to depart in a hurry for fear that the State of Rio de Janeiro would close all entry and exit points. While on the plane home, I experienced a sort of </span><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">déjà </span><span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">vu. I had lived through this sort of stressful situation before, when I was forced to leave Puebla, Mexico. On September 19, 2017, while I was visiting the beautiful church of Our Lady of the Remedies in Cholula, a 7.1 earthquake struck the town. The church began to fall apart. With nowhere to run because the church was atop a high hill, I stood there and watched as the main tower collapsed before my eyes. I felt at the time that this would “bye-bye” for me, too. It was a traumatic experience. Luckily, though, nothing happened to me. But everyone in the city had to leave because of the expectation that another quake would come. And, sure enough, another earthquake hit Puebla. But I was already gone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">I also thought about the aftermath of 9/11, when flights into (and within) the United States were cancelled or disrupted. I was in costa Rica, and again luckily, I was able to return home safely. But on the flight home, I recall feeling afraid that a terrorist could highjack the plane or explode it. Of course, I was not alone in feeling this way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">So last week, once again, I found myself on a plane, leaving for home in a hurry. I worried that this imperceptible, yet powerful and potentially lethal, virus could strike me. And worse, it could strike me in the plane or at the airport or in the taxi on my way home or even while sunbathing on the beaches of my beloved Rio de Janeiro. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">I was lucky to make it out of Brazil just before Rio was locked down. Now, I am back at home again. And as silly as it may sound, I am again realizing that there is nothing better than being at home. I missed my bed. I missed my pillow. I missed my city. I feel safe once more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">This crisis will pass. Different crises will come. But for now, I am staying at home—as you should, too.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">Coronavírus</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Depois de morar no Brasil por três meses, tive que sair com pressa, com medo de que o Estado do Rio de Janeiro fechasse todos os pontos de entrada e saída. Enquanto estava no avião para casa, experimentei uma espécie de déjà vu. Eu já havia passado por esse tipo de situação estressante antes, quando fui forçado a deixar Puebla, no México. Um 19 de setembro de 2017, enquanto visitava a bela igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios em Cholula, um terremoto de 7,1 atingiu a cidade. A igreja começou a desmoronar. Sem eu ter para onde correr porque a igreja estava no topo de uma colina alta, fiquei ali e vi a torre principal desabar diante dos meus olhos. Naquele momento, senti que isso também seria um “bye-bye” para mim. Foi uma experiência traumática. Felizmente, nada aconteceu comigo. Mas todos na cidade tiveram que sair por causa da expectativa de que outro terremoto ocorresse. E, com certeza, outro terremoto atingiu Puebla. Mas eu já tinha ido embora.</span><br />
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<span lang="PT-BR">Também pensei nas consequências depois do 11 de setembro, quando os voos para (e dentro) dos Estados Unidos foram suspensos ou interrompidos. Eu estava na Costa Rica, e mais uma vez, felizmente, eu consegui voltar para casa com segurança. Mas no voo para casa, lembro-me de ter medo de que um terrorista pudesse atacar o avião ou explodi-lo no ar. Claro, eu não estava sozinho em me sentir assim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR">Então, na semana passada, mais uma vez, eu me encontrei em um avião, saindo para casa com pressa. Eu estava preocupado que esse vírus imperceptível, mas poderoso e potencialmente letal, pudesse me atingir. E pior, poderia me atingir no avião ou no aeroporto ou no táxi a caminho de casa ou até mesmo enquanto tomava sol nas praias do meu amado Rio de Janeiro.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR">Tive a sorte de sair do Brasil pouco antes do Rio ser fechado. Agora, estou de volta em casa novamente. E por mais bobo que possa parecer, estou novamente percebendo que não há nada melhor do que estar em casa. Eu senti falta da minha cama. Eu senti falta do meu travesseiro. Eu senti falta da minha cidade. Eu me sinto seguro mais uma vez.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR">Essa crise vai passar. Diferentes crises virão. Mas, por enquanto, estou em casa - como vocês deveriam também.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-28145027141744458112018-09-04T11:43:00.001-07:002018-09-04T11:47:33.183-07:00Lula Defiant/Desafiador<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">As reported in the Brazilian newspaper </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">O Globo</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,
the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) has banned two campaign ads sponsored by the
Workers Party (</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Partido dos Trabalhadores</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">, or PT) that had aired on
television over the weekend. In explaining the TSE’s decision, Minister Carlos
Horbach noted that “the TV spots ‘confuse the voter and create an emotional
state of doubt’ not only on the candidacy, but also on the authority of the
Electoral Justice, which on Friday decided that the PT is prevented from
competing.” Yet, it is increasingly clear that the leader of the PT, Lula da
Silva, respects neither the TSE nor the rule of law itself. He remains defiant,
insistently campaigning for the presidency. The appropriate authority must make
— and enforce — a final ruling on his eligibility, and this must be done as
soon as possible. Otherwise, the impression that Brazilian election law is
either unclear or malleable may take hold, and a dangerous precedent may become
established. </span><br />
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
Lula Desafiador<br />
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<span lang="PT-BR">Conforme relatado no jornal brasileiro O Globo,
o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) proibiu dois anúncios de campanha
patrocinados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) que foram ao ar na televisão
no sábado. Ao explicar a decisão do TSE, o ministro Carlos Horbach observou que
“os anúncios televisivos confundem o eleitor e criam um estado emocional de
dúvida” não apenas sobre a candidatura, mas também sobre a autoridade da
Justiça Eleitoral, que na sexta-feira decidiu que o PT é impedido de competir
”. No entanto, está cada vez mais claro que o líder do PT, Lula da Silva, não
respeita nem o TSE nem o próprio Estado de Direito. Ele permanece desafiador,
insistentemente em campanha pela presidência. A autoridade apropriada deve
fazer - e impor - uma decisão final sobre sua elegibilidade, e isso deve ser
feito o quanto antes. Caso contrário, a impressão de que a lei eleitoral
brasileira é imprecisa ou maleável pode se consolidar e um precedente perigoso
pode se estabelecer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-5496200180126503272018-01-04T17:10:00.000-08:002018-01-04T17:15:24.490-08:00Personas con Discapacidad en Colombia<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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El 3 de enero de 2018, Juan Pablo Salazar informó <a href="http://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/juan-pablo-salazar/personas-con-discapacidad-fuera-del-censo-nacional-167170"><span style="color: red;">en el periódico colombiano <i>El Tiempo</i></span></a> que las personas con discapacidad no serán contadas por el
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) debido a
restricciones presupuestarias. Este es un desarrollo verdaderamente vergonzoso.
No es un problema presupuestario, sino más bien una cuestión de prioridades. La
misión de DANE debe ser asegurar un recuento exacto, y la decisión de excluir a
los discapacitados imposibilita los esfuerzos para construir una sociedad más inclusiva en Colombia, y asi dando un mal ejemplo para esfuerzos similares en América
Latina. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Handicapped People in Colombia</div>
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On January 3, 2018, Juan Pablo Salazar reported <a href="http://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/juan-pablo-salazar/personas-con-discapacidad-fuera-del-censo-nacional-167170"><span style="color: red;">in the
Colombian newspaper </span></a><i><a href="http://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/juan-pablo-salazar/personas-con-discapacidad-fuera-del-censo-nacional-167170"><span style="color: red;">El Tiempo</span></a> </i>that handicapped people will not be counted by the National Administrative
Department of Statistics (DANE) due to budgetary constraints. This is a truly
shameful development. It is not a budget issue, but rather a matter of
priorities. The mission of SEN must be to ensure an accurate count, and the
decision to exclude the handicapped undermines efforts to build a more inclusive
society in Colombia, and set a bad example for similar efforts across Latin
America.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-1785322871943868272017-06-05T07:13:00.000-07:002017-06-05T07:19:55.954-07:00Long Live La Canción Criolla!<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">(<b>Spanish Version Below</b>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Recently, while reading about the evolution of salsa back in the
1960s, I found myself thinking of Peru and its lovely, poetic, romantic musical
tradition called <i>Canción Criolla</i>. Although it incorporates a variety of
genres and originates mainly in the coastal region, <i>Canción Criolla</i> has
come to represent the cultural identity of the whole nation. Each year, on
October 31, when much of the world celebrates Halloween, Peru celebrates this
distinctive style of music with <i>Día de la Canción Criolla</i>. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Yet, a generational shift
is taking place that threatens this tradition. Increasingly, younger
generations organize and prepare to celebrate Halloween far in advance, seeking
to dress in costumes and emulate the youth of the United States. As a result, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Día de la Canción Criolla</i> may be dying. Those
who celebrate it are fewer and older each year, and younger Peruvians are
distancing themselves from this celebration, which they regard as a celebration
for older people, for their parents or grandparents. Indeed, we may be
witnessing the slow disappearance of a key aspect of Peru’s cultural identity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">This phenomenon is not an
isolated case affecting only Peru. It is difficult to reverse cultural trends, particularly
those that are influenced by US popular culture. While not exclusive to the
United States, Halloween is nonetheless a successful US export to Peru -- and
to many other Latin American nations. It comes with its own language and its own
cultural attributes, and it is in Peru to stay. It would be futile to try to
prevent Peru’s young people from celebrating Halloween, and that it not
something I would even want to do. I am merely calling attention to the fact
that as </span><span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Halloween gradually supersedes <i>Día de la Canción
Criolla</i></span><span style="font-family: "georgia";">, it is endangering a
distinctive element of Peruvian culture. </span><i><span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Canción Criolla </span></i><span style="font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">is worthy of preservation.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">It may be worthwhile to
look to the Spaniards, who have more experience with cultural preservation of
the sort I am recommending. Way back in 1894, for example, they created La Real
Academia Española (RAE), an institution whose mission is to ensure the purity
of the Spanish language. The RAE works to ensure the accuracy of translations,
bringing linguistic unity within and among Spain’s territories. Although the
contemporary proliferation of terms related to information technology causes
difficulties, the loose use of English words remains rare in Spain today. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">The vitality of
longstanding traditions is essential to the survival of any culture. But how can
a cultural tradition be kept alive? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">While reading about Salsa,
I learned that it originated in Cuba, where it was called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guaracha</i>. The greats like Celia Cruz, Tito Puente, and Fania
All-Stars all recognized that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guaracha</i>
was being dismissed by the youth, who associated its rhythms with “old people.”
This resulted in a revivifying adaptation, an evolution of the art form, as
these great<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>artists began singing and
playing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guaracha</i> in new ways and with
a new style to appeal to a new generation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Something similar occurred
with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vallenatos</i>, a melodic song form that
originated in the northeastern part of Colombia and that today is celebrated
and heard throughout the country and, indeed, around the world. The essential <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vallenatos </i>melody was associated with
“old people” and regarded as provincial music of the peasantry -- until Carlos
Vives began to adapt it. Vives added instruments here and there and, without
changing the basic musical structure of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vallenatos</i>,
he began performing it with a new style. He was heavily criticized at the time by
the “old guard,” but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vallenato</i> did
not die out. On the contrary, it is now widely recognized as an essential
component of Colombia’s cultural heritage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">For their part, the Argentinians
have been successful in keeping their traditions of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tango</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Milonga</i> afloat,
if not quite alive. The Paraguayans are reviving their Polka dance, but will they
be able to keep it alive forever? Brazilians have no need to worry about the
survival of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Samba</i>. As the famous
Brazilian composer Nelson Sargento wrote, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Samba
agoniza mas não morre, alguem sempre te socorre</i>” (“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Samba</i> agonizes but does not die, someone always is rescuing you”). The
contagious and ever-happy rhythm of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Samba</i>
is an inseparable part of the Brazilian identity; it is alive and kicking. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Record companies, writers,
singers, intellectuals, and even the Peruvian government itself should work
together to find ways to preserve <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canción
Criolla</i>. But perhaps more importantly, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La
Canción Criolla</i> needs to evolve. It is out of touch with the younger
generations. Its singers continue to sing the same old melodies and reproduce
the static forms. How much milk can you get from the same old cow? Great
singers like Eva Ayllon, Susana Baca, and Cecilia Barrasa have immortalized
songs of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canción Criolla</i>. But who is
writing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canción Criolla</i> theses days?
Who is doing what Los Kipus, Arturo “Sambo” Cavero, and Manuel Donaire did back
in their days to impregnate the popular culture with their melodies? Who is signing
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canción Criolla </i>in new ways and with
a new style that will appeal to the next generation?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">The increasing popularity
of Halloween and the fickleness of today’s youth must not be used as excuses to
let Canción<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Criolla</i> die. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Que VIVA la Canción Criolla!</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="color: red; mso-spacerun: yes;">Que Viva La Canción Criolla</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Recientemente, al leer acerca de la evolución de la salsa en la década
de los 60s, me encontré pensando en el Perú y en su Canción Criolla, aquella
música encantadora, poética y romántica. Aunque esta música incorpora una
variedad de géneros y se origina principalmente en la región costera, La
Canción Criolla ha llegado a representar la identidad cultural de toda la
nación. Cada año, el 31 de octubre, cuando gran parte del mundo celebra
Halloween, el Perú celebra este estilo distintivo de la música con El </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Día de
la Canción Criolla</i><span style="font-family: "georgia";">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Sin embargo, está
ocurriendo un cambio generacional que amenaza con esta tradición. Cada vez más,
las generaciones más jóvenes organizan y se preparan con mucha anticipación
para Halloween, vistiéndose en disfraces y emulando a la juventud de los
Estados Unidos. Como resultado de ello, el Día de la Canción Criolla está
muriendo. Cada año, hoy en día aquellos que lo celebran son grupos de gente de
avanzada edad o ancianos, y los peruanos más jóvenes se están distanciando de
esta celebración, que consideran una celebración para las personas mayores,
para sus padres o abuelos. De hecho, podemos estar presenciando la lenta
desaparición de un aspecto clave de la identidad cultural del Perú.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Es difícil revertir tales
tendencias culturales, particularmente aquellas que están influenciadas por la
cultura popular estadounidense. Aunque no es exclusivo de los Estados Unidos,
Halloween es sin embargo una exitosa exportación de EE.UU. hacia el Perú. Viene
con su propia lengua y sus propios atributos culturales; y está en el Perú para
quedarse. Sería inútil tratar de evitar que los jóvenes peruanos celebren
Halloween, y eso no es algo que yo quisiera causar. Simplemente hago un llamado
de atención sobre el hecho de que como Halloween sustituye gradualmente el Día
de la Canción Criolla, esto está poniendo en peligro un elemento distintivo de
la cultura peruana. Canción Criolla es digno de preservación.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Vale la pena mirar a los
españoles, que tienen más experiencia con la preservación cultural de su lengua
y tradición cultural, que aquí estoy recomendando. En 1894, por ejemplo,
crearon La Real Academia Española (RAE), una institución cuya misión era/es
garantizar la pureza de la lengua española. La RAE trabaja para asegurar la
exactitud de las traducciones, trayendo la unidad lingüística dentro y entre
los<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>países Hispanohablantes. Aunque la
proliferación contemporánea de términos relacionados con la tecnología de la
informática causan dificultades, el uso de palabras en inglés es poco común en
España.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">La vitalidad de las
tradiciones arraigadas en nuestra nación son esenciales mantenerlas para la
supervivencia de cualquier cultura. Pero, ¿cómo puede mantenerse viva una
tradición cultural?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Mientras leía acerca de la
evolución de la Salsa, aprendí que se originó en Cuba, donde se llamaba
Guaracha. Los grandes como Celia Cruz, Tito Puente y La Fania All-Stars
reconocieron que la juventud era indiferente a los ritmos de la Guaracha; que
aquellos ritmos se asociaba con "los ancianos"., de ahí, que los
grandes artistas empezaron a cantar y tocar Guaracha de una nueva manera y con
un estilo diferente, más a tono con una nueva generación. Esto dio lugar a una
adaptación revilitante, a una evolución de su forma artística, a la salsa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Algo similar ocurrió con
el Vallenato, una canción melódica que se originó en el noreste de Colombia y
que hoy se celebra y se escucha en todo el país y, de hecho, en todo el mundo.
La melodía tradicional del Vallenato también se asoció con los
"ancianos" y muchos los consideraban como una música popular
campesina - hasta que Carlos Vives comenzó a adaptarla. Vives agregó
instrumentos aquí y allá y, sin cambiar la estructura musical básica del
Vallenato, comenzó a tocarla con un nuevo estilo. En su momento fue muy criticado
por la "vieja escuela", pero el Vallenato no murió. Por el contrario,
ahora es ampliamente reconocido como un componente esencial del patrimonio
cultural de Colombia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Los argentinos, por su
parte, han tenido éxito en mantener viva, o a flote diría yo, las tradiciones
del Tango y la Milonga. Los brasileños no tienen necesidad de preocuparse por
la supervivencia de la Samba. Como escribió el famoso compositor brasileño
Nelson Sargento, "Samba agoniza mas não morre, alguem sempre te socorre…"
( "Samba agoniza pero no muere, alguien siempre te rescata"). El
ritmo contagioso y siempre feliz de la samba es una parte inseparable de la
identidad brasileña; Está vivito y coleando! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia";">Las disqueras, escritores,
cantantes, intelectuales e incluso el propio gobierno peruano deben trabajar
juntos para encontrar maneras de preservar la Canción Criolla. Pero quizás más
importante, La Canción Criolla necesita evolucionar. Está fuera de contacto con
las generaciones más jóvenes. Sus cantantes siguen cantando las mismas viejas
melodías y reproduciendo sus mismas formas estáticas. ¿Cuánta leche puedes
seguir ordeñando de la misma vaca vieja? Grandes cantantes como Eva Ayllon,
Susana Baca y Cecilia Barrasa han inmortalizado canciones de la Canción
Criolla. Pero, ¿Hoy en día, quiénes está escribiendo Canción Criolla? ¿Quiénes
están haciendo lo que Los Kipus, Arturo "Sambo" Cavero, y Manuel
Donaire hicieron en sus días, para impregnar en la cultura popular sus
melodías? ¿Quiénes cantan Canción Criolla con un nuevo estilo para atraer a una
nueva generación?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";">La creciente popularidad
de Halloween y la inconstancia de la juventud de hoy, no debe ser una excusa
para dejar morir La Canción Criolla. Que VIVA la Canción Criolla!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-91262182190176467612015-09-03T08:13:00.001-07:002015-09-03T09:18:13.280-07:00Why Bother? ¿Por qué molestarse? <div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(English version below)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">3 de Agosto de 2015<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">El presidente de Venezuela
Nicolás Maduro ha decidido deportar a todos los Colombianos viviendo en su
país. Culpando a otros en vez de competentemente<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>afrontar las verdaderas causas que
incrementaron malestar social y extrema criminalidad en Venezuela, han hecho del
presidente Maduro: Un niñeto rabioso con inflexiones infantiles, un tipo
absurdo y totalmente injusto. </span><br />
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span>
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">De acuerdo a un articulo
recientemente publicado en la revista </span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.semana.com//nacion/articulo/tras-el-reves-en-la-oea-que-pasara-en-unasur/440775-3?utm_source=semana&utm_medium=correo&utm_campaign=2015_09_01&hq_e=el&hq_m=876427&hq_l=24&hq_v=6144682443"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Semana</span></i></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> de Colombia, el gobierno Colombiano ha
estado buscando ayuda ante la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA), la cual
se ha negado a intervenir/ayudar. Reusándose a apelar leyes internacionales
aplicables al caso o hacer cumplir provisiones de la Carta Social de las
Américas, de manera que pueda influenciar su poder de institución en Venezuela,
y parar las deportaciones. La OEA nuevamente demuestra que es una entidad
irrelevante como organización internacional. Cada vez que la OEA
fracasa/rechaza dar ayuda a uno de sus países miembros en crisis; yo me pregunto,
¿por qué cualquier país se toma la molestia de mantener siendo miembro de una
organización irresponsable, inútil e incapaz?.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Seriamente, ¿por qué la molestia? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">President Nicolás Maduro has decided to
deport all Colombians from Venezuela. Scapegoating Colombians rather than
addressing the actual root causes of the increasingly widespread criminality
and social unrest in Venezuela is vintage Maduro: childish, absurd, and unjust. </span><br />
<br />
According to an article recently published in
the Colombian magazine <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Semana</i>, the Colombian
government has sought the help of the Organization of American States (OAS),
which has so far declined to intervene. By refusing to enforce the provisions
of the Social Charter of the Americas or to appeal to applicable international law in
order to influence Venezuela and stop the deportations, the OAS is once again
demonstrating its irrelevance as an international organization. Each time the
OAS fails to support one of its member countries in a crisis, I wonder why any country
would want to remain a member of this feckless organization. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Really, why bother?</div>
</div>
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span>
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span>
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span>Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-87560844860444193832014-09-04T12:15:00.001-07:002014-09-04T12:15:10.380-07:00Quechua Poetry<div class="MsoNormal">
(Versión en español debajo) </div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">A recent edition of
the Peruvian newspaper <i>El Comercio</i> carried </span><a href="http://elcomercio.pe/eldominical/actualidad/si-escribe-poesia-quechua-partipar-este-concurso-noticia-1752650"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">an article</span></a><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;"> about a Quechua-language poetry
competition sponsored by the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. It is
truly noteworthy for a well-known university in Peru to support the
preservation of the Quechua language in this way—and, indirectly, to support social
integration.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">I took the
opportunity to contact the organizer directly in order to find out more about
the competition. I asked him whether information is available on the
university’s website. His response was, “No, you can only find it on Face.” Assuming
he was referring to Facebook, I looked there. Nothing!</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">I can imagine what
the university is trying to achieve with this competition. And it is terrific
that <i>El Comercio </i>has called attention to it. But without an adequate
promotional effort behind it, the Quechua poetry competition cannot achieve its
full potential.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">En una edición
reciente del diario <i>El Comercio</i> encontré </span><a href="http://elcomercio.pe/eldominical/actualidad/si-escribe-poesia-quechua-partipar-este-concurso-noticia-1752650"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">un artículo</span></a><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;"> sobre un concurso de poesía en idioma
Quechua auspiciada por la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Que una
universidad tan conocida en el Perú este patrocinando la preservación del
idioma Quechua de esta manera y, que indirectamente, promueve ayuda a la
integración social; es verdaderamente digno de notarse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Tomé la oportunidad
de contactarme directamente con el organizador de manera que pueda tener más
información sobre el concurso. Pregunté si es que tal información para el
concurso estaba en la página Web de la universidad. La respuesta fue, “No, pero
lo puedes encontrar en el Face”. Asumiendo que él interlocutor se refería a
Facebook, busque allí y no encontré nada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Imagino lo que la
Universidad intenta lograr con tal concurso, y es magnífico que <i>El Comercio </i>lo
haya publicado. Pero, sin un esfuerzo de promoción adecuada para impulsar lo,
el concurso de poesía Quechua no alcanzará su pleno potencial. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-52707469404889645572014-04-08T10:39:00.003-07:002014-04-08T10:39:39.231-07:00Down With Maduro<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Down with Maduro!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Once again, international organizations like the Organization of
American States (OAS) and the Union of South American Nations (USAN) have failed
to mediate successfully in a grave crisis affecting the region. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The days of Mr. Maduro’s reign are clearly numbered. But in the meantime,
the worsening social and economic instability in Venezuela threatens to destroy
all chances of building a more united South America and a more cohesive Latin
America. The OAS and USAN both lack the teeth either to enforce or even really
to influence the chaotic situation in Venezuela. To make matters worse, oil has
bought the silence of many Latin American nations—think, for example, of Colombia
and Panama, neither of which would dare to call for a debate about the current
situation in that oil-rich nation. Those who dare to speak out against Maduro
are treated as enemies of Venezuela. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Venezuela continues to have all the necessary ingredients to become
a powerful, well-educated, and peaceful nation. It can become the example and
the darling of a new South America. But to achieve that, Maduro and his poor
imitations of Chavista policies will have to go.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-53890280984547247432013-03-18T12:49:00.000-07:002013-03-18T14:59:57.284-07:00Chavismo Is Over<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtavZ_qJASBtb9SEuzKTBmAIOFu06ZvRMx4qLnJfiFvR-A31wo4E6O_EObjPcseXE9ButCGkWDul2xAxf3sy6Yww_AMtBv2JazpS5mMmsBibewB0pN-Q4cB8hFDJPR3bNzTA_GRsGl92s5/s1600/Chavez-Sing-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtavZ_qJASBtb9SEuzKTBmAIOFu06ZvRMx4qLnJfiFvR-A31wo4E6O_EObjPcseXE9ButCGkWDul2xAxf3sy6Yww_AMtBv2JazpS5mMmsBibewB0pN-Q4cB8hFDJPR3bNzTA_GRsGl92s5/s320/Chavez-Sing-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: red;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;">Chavismo Is Over.</span><br />
<br />
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(Versión en español debajo/versão português em baixo)</div>
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It is highly unlikely that anyone will emerge in
Venezuela who can continue the socialist revolution with the flair and bombast
of Hugo Chavéz. His frequently abrasive, and occasionally farcical, performance
as president won him a popular following that simply cannot be institutionalized
or readily transferred—even to a handpicked successor. Largely through the
force of his own personality, Chavéz managed to create and enact a policy
agenda on behalf of Venezuela’s most vulnerable. But regardless of whether or
not Nicolás Maduro wins the upcoming presidential election, Chavéz is gone, and
with him goes Chavismo and the so-called “Bolivarian Revolution” he embodied. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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I can’t help wondering what could have been achieved if,
instead of trying to buy friends far and abroad, </div>
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Chavéz had invested more of the country’s vast oil
revenue within Venezuela itself—in social security and other social programs,
and in infrastructure and economic development. Still, I confess that I am
amazed by how much he achieved. Chavéz has passed into history as a hero, a
champion of a “misunderstood” social revolution, just as Simón Bolivar did. </div>
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Like Bolivar himself, Chavéz was a divisive figure. Some
considered him a dictator, and half of all Venezuelans hated him. Some may say
that he was misunderstood, that it was his personality and the way he tried to
achieve things that made him so polarizing. Even so, Chavéz leaves behind successful
social programs that are worthy of imitation, and the substance of his complaints
about the United States was reasonable; after all, the US has always treated
Latin America as a parent treats a wayward child. The problem with Chavéz really
did have more to do with style than substance. </div>
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When I was in Venezuela, I was told, “never, never put
your feet on a bench or cross your legs while you are in a park where there is
a statue of Simón Bolivar,” as doing so would be considered offensive to
Bolivar's memory. I can only imagine the decorum that will be expected when in the
presence of the statues of Chavéz that will inevitably be erected—to say
nothing of his mummified body. </div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Se Terminó El
Chavismo</b></span></div>
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Para continuar la revolución socialista, es altamente
improbable que en Venezuela pueda emerger alguien con el mismo instinto
rimbombante de Hugo Chavéz. <span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Su frecuente estilo brusco y de vez en cuando</span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span class="hps">bufón</span>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps">le</span> <span class="hps">otorgó</span>
como presidente <span class="hps">una</span> <span class="hps">popularidad que</span>
<span class="hps">simplemente no puede ser</span> <span class="hps">institucionalizada</span>
<span class="hps">o fácilmente</span> <span class="hps">transferida</span>; incluso
<span class="hps">a un sucesor</span> <span class="hps">elegido a dedo</span>. <span class="hps">En gran medida gracias</span> <span class="hps">a la fuerza</span> <span class="hps">de su propia personalidad</span>, Chávez <span class="hps">logró crear</span>
<span class="hps">y poner en práctica</span> <span class="hps">una agenda de
políticas</span> <span class="hps">en favor</span> <span class="hps">de los más</span>
<span class="hps">vulnerables</span> <span class="hps">de Venezuela</span>. <span class="hps">Pero, independientemente</span> <span class="hps">de sí Nicolás Maduro</span>
<span class="hps">gana</span> <span class="hps">las próximas elecciones
presidenciales</span>, Chávez <span class="hps">se ha ido</span>, y con él <span class="hps">va</span> <span class="hps">el chavismo</span> <span class="hps">y</span>
<span class="hps">la llamada</span> <span class="hps">"revolución</span> <span class="hps">bolivariana"</span> <span class="hps">que él</span> <span class="hps">encarnaba. </span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No puedo</span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span class="hps">dejar
de preguntarme</span> <span class="hps">qué</span> <span class="hps">se podía haber
logrado, </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps">sí en
lugar</span> <span class="hps">de tratar de</span> <span class="hps">comprar amigos</span>
<span class="hps">a lo largo y</span> ancho <span class="hps">en el extranjero,</span>
<span class="hps">Chávez hubiera</span> <span class="hps">invertido</span> <span class="hps">más</span> <span class="hps">de los gigantescos ingresos petroleros del
país</span> <span class="hps">dentro de</span> <span class="hps">la propia
Venezuela</span>—<span class="hps">en materia de seguridad</span> <span class="hps">social y otros</span> <span class="hps">programas sociales, y</span> <span class="hps">en infraestructura y desarrollo</span> <span class="hps">económico.</span>
<span class="hps">Sin embargo</span>, confieso que <span class="hps">me asombra</span>
<span class="hps">lo mucho que</span> él ha <span class="hps">podido lograr. Al
igual que Simón Bolívar, Chávez ha</span> <span class="hps">pasado a la historia</span>
<span class="hps">como</span> <span class="hps">un héroe, un</span> <span class="hps">campeón</span></span> de una revolución social “mal entendida”; Que
irónico! <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chávez <span class="hps">fue una figura</span> <span class="hps">divisiva, al igual que Bolívar,
a quien</span> <span class="hps">algunos lo consideraban</span> <span class="hps">un
dictador,</span> <span class="hps">y la mitad de</span> <span class="hps">todos los
venezolanos</span> <span class="hps">lo odiaban.</span> <span class="hps">Algunos
pueden decir que</span> <span class="hps">no fue comprendido</span>, <span class="hps">que era su</span> <span class="hps">personalidad</span> <span class="hps">y la forma en</span> <span class="hps">que trató de</span> <span class="hps">lograr</span> <span class="hps">las cosas</span> <span class="hps">que le
hicieron</span> <span class="hps">tan</span> <span class="hps">polémico.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps">Aun así</span>, Chávez <span class="hps">deja</span> con <span class="hps">éxito algunos programas</span> <span class="hps">sociales que son</span> <span class="hps">dignos de</span> <span class="hps">imitación</span>, y la sustancia <span class="hps">de sus quejas</span>
<span class="hps">acerca de los Estados</span> <span class="hps">Unidos eran</span>
<span class="hps">razonables</span>, después de todo, los EE.UU. <span class="hps">siempre
ha tratado a</span> <span class="hps">América Latina</span> <span class="hps">como</span>
<span class="hps">un padre</span> <span class="hps">trata a un</span> <span class="hps">hijo descarriado.</span> <span class="hps">El problema</span> <span class="hps">con Chávez</span> <span class="hps">realmente tenía</span> <span class="hps">más que ver</span> <span class="hps">con el estilo</span> <span class="hps">que sustancia. </span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cuando estuve en</span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span class="hps">Venezuela</span>, me dijeron<span class="atn">, "</span>nunca,
nunca <span class="hps">poner los pies</span> <span class="hps">en un banco o</span>
<span class="hps">cruzar las piernas</span> <span class="hps">mientras estés en</span>
<span class="hps">un parque donde</span> <span class="hps">hay una estatua</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">Simón</span> <span class="hps">Bolívar",</span>
<span class="hps">ya que al hacerlo</span> <span class="hps">se consideraría</span>
<span class="hps">ofensivo para</span> <span class="hps">la memoria</span> <span class="hps">de Bolívar</span> <span class="hps">.</span> <span class="hps">Sólo puedo</span>
<span class="hps">imaginar el</span> <span class="hps">decoro</span> <span class="hps">que se</span> <span class="hps">espera cuando</span> se esté <span class="hps">en presencia de</span> <span class="hps">la estatua de</span> <span class="hps">Chávez, que</span> <span class="hps">inevitablemente</span> <span class="hps">habrá de erigirse</span>, por no hablar <span class="hps">de su cuerpo</span>
<span class="hps">momificado.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">O Chavismo Acabou</b></span></div>
<span style="color: red;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="PT" style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">É altamente
improvável que alguém vai surgir na Venezuela, que pode continuar a revolução
socialista com o estilo bombástico de Hugo Chávez. Seu estilo frequentemente
rústico e ocasionalmente bobo, como presidente ganhou um apoio popular que
simplesmente não podem ser institucionalizada ou facilmente transferido, mesmo
a um sucessor escolhido a dedo. Em grande parte, através da força de sua
própria personalidade, Chávez conseguiu criar e aprovar uma agenda política em
nome dos mais vulneráveis da Venezuela. Mas, independentemente </span>se
Nicolas Maduro ganhe ou não a próxima eleição presidencial<span lang="PT" style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">, Chávez se foi, e com ele vai o chavismo e a
chamada "Revolução Bolivariana", que ele encarnava.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span lang="PT" style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Eu não posso
deixar de imaginar que poderia ter sido alcançado se em vez de tentar comprar
amigos longe e no exterior, Chávez investiu enormes receitas do petróleo do
país em na própria Venezuela—na segurança social e outros programas sociais e
em infra-estrutura e desenvolvimento econômico. Ainda assim, confesso que estou
surpreso com o quanto ele alcançou. Como Simón Bolívar, Chávez passou para a
história como um herói, um campeão de uma revolução social
"incompreendida". Que ironia! </span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Como o próprio
Bolívar, Chávez era uma figura divisiva. Alguns o consideram um ditador, e metade
de todos os venezuelanos odiava. Alguns podem dizer que ele foi mal
interpretado, que era a sua personalidade e a maneira como ele tentou conseguir
as coisas que o fizeram tão divisível. Mesmo assim, Chávez deixa bem sucedidos
programas sociais que são dignos de imitação, e a substância de suas
reclamações sobre os Estados Unidos era razoável, afinal, os EUA sempre tratou
a América Latina como um pai trata um filho rebelde. O problema com Chávez
realmente tinha mais a ver com estilo do que substância.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Quando eu
estava na Venezuela, foi-me dito, "nunca, nunca, colocar os pés em um
banco ou cruzar as pernas enquanto você está em um parque onde há uma estátua
de Simón Bolívar", pois isso seria considerado ofensivo à memória de
Bolívar . Eu só posso imaginar o decoro que se espera quando na presença das
estátuas de Chávez que, inevitavelmente será erguido, por não dizer nada de seu
corpo mumificado.</span></div>
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Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-28879566498298939042012-06-26T07:49:00.000-07:002013-03-18T12:54:53.515-07:00Golpe de Estado Congressista.(English version below/versão português em baixo)<br />
<br />
Los eventos actuales ocurridos en el Paraguay nos deja, una vez más, con la gran incertidumbre de cuán frágil es la democracia en Sur América—y en toda América Latina; una región que recientemente acaba de emerger de las sombras oscuras de dictadores militares, de presidentes implacables y autocráticos, y de pseudo-libertadores de la clase pobre y oprimida.<br />
<br />
La semana pasada se vio en Paraguay una impugnación parlamentaria fugaz en contra del presidente paraguayo. Tal hecho pareciera como si el congreso estaba intentando entrar en el libro de Récord Guinnes, por la expulsión “legal” más rápida de un presidente electo. La solidificación de los valores democráticos y el respeto al derecho de ley han sido empañados por un proceso legal dudoso, por una “nueva forma de golpe de estado”.<br />
<br />
Este evento tiene ciertas similitudes con la crisis constitucional ocurrida en Honduras en el 2009. En ambos casos, la justificación de ello es esencialmente que, el fin justifica los medios. Lo que me pregunto es: ¿Cuál es el propósito de la Carta Democrática Interamericana? ¿Y sí la organización de Estados Américanos sigue siendo pertinente o creíble si no puede hacer valer los estatutos de la Carta-- primero, en Honduras y ahora en Paraguay?<br />
<br />
No es suficiente que Unasur, Mercosur, y algunos países del hemisferio occidental hayan condenado la expulsión del presidente Paraguayo. Este suceso trascendental se está desarrollando con la típica timidez: declaraciones solapadas en cuanto a no querer "interferir en los asuntos internos de otro país"; retirar embajadores de Paraguay, o llamar a sus embajadores para “consultas”. Sea que usted llame este acto como un golpe de estado, un nouveau coup a la Amérique latine, o simplemente “evolución dictatorial”, la expulsión de un líder electo democráticamente no debe ser tolerado, y la comunidad internacional debería tener cero tolerancia por ello.<br />
<br />
Tal vez, el pueblo Paraguayo ya estaba cansado del presidente Lugo; tal vez Lugo no ha tenido una mayoría política en el congreso; tal vez Lugo se estaba sintiendo demasiado cómodo en el Palacio Presidencial—después de todo, el poder tiende a corromper. Pero independientemente de ello, él se merecía tener más de dos horas para poderse defender de una impugna dudosa. Y además, ¿no podía el Congreso o el pueblo paraguayo esperar ocho meses más, hasta que concluyera su mandato? ¿No es así como se supone que funciona un sistema democrático?<br />
<br />
Esta acción irreflexiva parece un ejemplo de un temperamento latino, aquel que nos da una mala reputación en todo el mundo.
Aún sigo preguntándome, sí los valores democráticos están sólidamente cementados en América Latina, como a menudo se afirma. No puedo dejar de pensar en esa vieja canción, que dice: “tal vez, tal vez, tal vez…”<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Parliamentary Coup d’état</span></b><br />
<br />
Current events in Paraguay leave us, once again, with the question of how fragile democracy really is in South America—and in Latin America as a whole, a region that has only just emerged from the dark shadows of military dictators, ruthless and autocratic presidents, and pseudo-liberators of the poor and oppressed.<br />
<br />
Last week in Paraguay we saw the flash parliamentary impeachment of the president. It almost seemed as though the congress were attempting to win the country an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records for the fastest “legal” ouster of an elected president. The solidification of democratic values and the respect for the rule of law have been tarnished by this legally dubious process, this “new form of coup.”<br />
<br />
This event bears certain similarities with the constitutional crisis Honduras underwent in 2009. The justification in both cases was, essentially, that the ends justify the means. What, I wonder, is the purpose of the Inter-American Democratic Charter? Is the Organization of American States still relevant or credible if it cannot enforce the charter—first in Honduras and now in Paraguay?<br />
<br />
It simply is not enough for Unasur, Mercosur, and a few additional countries in the Western hemisphere to condemn the removal of the Paraguayan president. This momentous development is being met with typical timidity: disingenuous statements about not wanting to “interfere in the internal affairs of another country”; withdrawing ambassadors to Paraguay, or calling ambassadors in for “consultations.” Whether you call it a coup, a nouveau coup a la Amérique latine, or simple “dictatorial evolution,” the removal of an elected leader ought to be intolerable, and the international community should have zero tolerance for it.<br />
<br />
The Paraguayan people were, perhaps, tired of President Lugo; perhaps Lugo did not have a congressional majority; perhaps Lugo was getting too comfortable in the presidential palace—after all, power does tend to corrupt. But regardless, he deserved to have more than just two hours to defend himself from (a bogus) impeachment. And besides, couldn’t congress or the Paraguayan people wait eight more months until his term ended? Isn’t that how democracy is supposed to work?<br />
<br />
This ill-considered action looks like an example of that fiery Latin temper that gives us a bad reputation around the world.
I am still wondering whether democratic values have yet been cemented within Latin America, as is often claimed. I can’t help thinking of that old song; “Perhaps, perhaps, perhaps….”<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Golpe Parlamentar!</span></b><br />
<br />
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<!--StartFragment-->
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Eventos atuais no Paraguai nos deixa, uma
vez mais, com a questão de como a democracia é realmente frágil na América do
Sul e na América Latina, em geral. Esta é região que só agora surgiu das
sombras escuras dos ditadores militares, dos presidentes cruéis e autocráticos
e, dos pseudo-libertadores dos pobres e oprimidos. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Na semana passada, no Paraguai, vimos o fugaz impeachment parlamentar do presidente. Era quase como se o congresso
estivesse tentando ganhar uma entrada no Livro Guinness por a expulsão “legal”
mais rápida de um presidente eleito. A solidificação dos valores democráticos e
o respeito pelo Estado de direito têm sido manchada por este processo
legalmente duvidoso; pelo "nova forma de golpe". <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Este evento tem alguns semelhanças com a
crises constitucionais na qual Honduras passou em 2009. A justificativa em
ambos casos foi essencialmente, o fim justifica os meios. O que imagino é, qual
é o propósito da Carta Democrática Interamericana? É a Organização dos Estados
Americanos ainda é relevante e tem crédito para fazer cumprir a Carta--primeiro
em Honduras e agora no Paraguai?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD">Simplesmente não é suficiente que a
Unasul, Mercosul e, alguns países no hemisfério ocidental condenaram <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a remoção do presidente paraguaio. Este
sucesso importante está sendo atendida com a timidez típica: Com declarações
cautelosas querendo não "interferir nos assuntos internos de outro
país"; retirar embaixadores para o Paraguai, ou chama de embaixadores para
“consultas”. Se você chamá-lo de um golpe, ou um <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nouveau coup a la Amérique Latine</i>, ou simples "evolução
ditatorial"; a remoção de um líder eleito deveria ser intolerável e, a
comunidade internacional deveria ter tolerância zero para isso. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD">Talvez, o povo paraguaio foram cansado do
presidente Lugo, talvez Lugo não tivesse uma maioria politica no Congresso;
Talvez Lugo estava ficando muito confortável no palácio presidencial, afinal de
contas, o poder tende a corromper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mas
independentemente disso, ele merecia mais do que apenas duas horas para se
defender de (um falso) impeachment. E, além disso, não poderia o Congresso ou o
povo paraguaio esperar mais oito meses até o termo de governo termine? Não é
assim que a democracia supostamente funciona? Não é? Esta ação irrefletida
parece um exemplo de temperamento latino que só nos dá uma má reputação ao
redor do mundo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD">Ainda estou querendo saber se os valores
democráticos ainda não ter sido cimentada em América Latina, como se costuma
afirmar. Eu não posso deixar de pensar aquela velha canção: "Talvez,
Talvez, Talvez ...."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<!--EndFragment-->Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-30634756552583417012012-04-11T11:07:00.004-07:002012-04-11T11:17:04.699-07:00O Brasil é uma Potência Econômica<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPa4DY1RETGVfJ18gjvWj-ri2VzP7IfbIiEeKMWykyJEd_BU8Rgha6OxeWzBhIuPF2fh72VteY2UN_z6F0sbr7q_FGTHKjTX_RASmkPzth6Y-u6zOfrIL9eWxDZSbsLT8wYGyBVlm8DliV/s1600/brasil-potencia.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 201px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPa4DY1RETGVfJ18gjvWj-ri2VzP7IfbIiEeKMWykyJEd_BU8Rgha6OxeWzBhIuPF2fh72VteY2UN_z6F0sbr7q_FGTHKjTX_RASmkPzth6Y-u6zOfrIL9eWxDZSbsLT8wYGyBVlm8DliV/s320/brasil-potencia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5730208871288290210" /></a><br />Certo é que nos Estados Unidos vê o Brasil como <a href="http://www.band.com.br/noticias/brasil/noticia/?id=100000496448">país em ascensão</a>, mas não como uma potência econômica consolidada, porque o Brasil primeiro tem que consolidar sua hegemonia política e econômica em América Latina e, em América do Sul, principalmente.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-36150544914356423262012-03-16T09:42:00.005-07:002012-03-16T09:57:45.597-07:00"Las Malvinas"(English Version Below)<br /><br />la oposición Argentina, cada vez más beligerante al control británico de las Islas Malvinas, está tomando un matiz de agitación nacionalista, según lo observa <a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21550000">The Economist</a>. Hay un riesgo creciente de que el tema podría crear graves tensiones en la región. Esto podría ser sólo el comienzo de un drama argentino más generalizado. <br /><br />Hay por lo menos, tres muy buenas razones para que la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) no deba tomar partido en el asunto de las Islas Malvinas. En primer lugar, la Argentina no ha explicado en que se basa fundamentalmente para afirmar que "Las Malvinas" le pertenece. En segundo lugar, la Argentina está utilizando el nacionalismo barato y exagerado para instigar sentimientos desagradables en contra de Gran Bretaña y las Islas Malvinas, que son importantes para el comercio y el turismo. Argentina en tercer lugar, no parece reconocer el principio de la libre determinación; la población de las Malvinas ha optado por seguir siendo parte de Gran Bretaña. Para la Argentina, obligar a esa población a someterlos a su administración, equivaldría a la tiranía, la colonización y la opresión de las Islas Falklands. <br /><br />Lo interesante aquí es que los argentinos afirman siempre con mucho orgullo que en realidad ellos no son exactamente América Latina. Afirman de ser más europeos, descendientes de italianos. Dicen que no tienen nada que ver con las poblaciones indígenas de las Américas. Chauvinismo cultural argentino es bastante extremo, y vis-à-vis en el resto de las Américas. Y, sin embargo, irónicamente, en la disputa territorial sobre las Islas Falklands, el comportamiento de la Argentina no es tan diferente de la de cualquier otro país latinoamericano. Argentina está tratando de resucitar un diferendo territorial-que fue saldado hace años-sin considerar la población que habita las islas, el comercio, la ventaja competitiva, o las relaciones internacionales. Argentina, al igual que muchas otras naciones de América Latina, tiene que aprender que el Estado-nación no necesita aplicar el nacionalismo barato para poder prosperar. <br /><br /><br />“Las Malvinas”<br /><br />Argentina’s increasingly belligerent opposition to British control of the Falkland Islands is taking on an overtone of nationalist agitation, as <a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21550000">the Economist</a> has observed. There is a growing risk that the issue could create serious tensions in the region. This could be just the beginning of a more widespread Argentinian drama. <br /><br />There are at least three very good reasons why the Union of South America Nations (UNASUR) should not side with Argentina on the Faulklands issue. First, Argentina has not explained the basis for its claim that “Las Malvinas” belong to them. Second, Argentina is using cheap and overblown nationalism to instigate unpleasant feelings against Britain and the Falkland Islands themselves, which are important to both commerce and tourism. Third, Argentina does not seem to recognize the principle of self-determination; the population of the Falklands has chosen to remain part of Britain. For Argentina to force the population to be subject instead to its own unwelcome administration would amount to tyranny, colonization, and oppression. <br /><br />The interesting thing here is that Argentinians have always proudly asserted that they are not really Latin American. They claim instead to be more European, to be descendants of Italians. They say that they have nothing to do with the indigenous populations of the Americas. Argentinian cultural chauvinism is really quite extreme vis-à-vis the rest of the Americas. And yet, ironically, in the territorial dispute over the Faulkland Islands, Argentina’s behavior is not so different from that of any other Latin American country. Argentina is attempting to resurrect a territorial dispute—one that was settled many years ago—without giving any consideration to people, commerce, competitive advantage, or international relations. Argentina, like many other Latin American nations, needs to learn that nation-states don’t need to apply nacionalismo barato in order to prosper.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-814777464598886682011-12-28T11:28:00.000-08:002011-12-28T11:41:14.857-08:00Coca<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUlXCd1sTg4N9WWsO62w8aZXOznStrccaSYICyciL2Eh6G-Mdno1NhYa8xHtQTjn_Nu3TJmoKBlL623aOhY-LsgRxBx9_6NHo_9_fWR-zDIE6b99qs27kW1o6znp6z9vl-2LwpEswBfgf/s1600/photo.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 284px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUlXCd1sTg4N9WWsO62w8aZXOznStrccaSYICyciL2Eh6G-Mdno1NhYa8xHtQTjn_Nu3TJmoKBlL623aOhY-LsgRxBx9_6NHo_9_fWR-zDIE6b99qs27kW1o6znp6z9vl-2LwpEswBfgf/s320/photo.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691265439481201330" /></a><br />(Spanish version Below)<br /><br />In an <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12222395">article</a> published by the BBC, Bolivian President Evo Morales expressed his confidence that the United Nations ban on chewing coca leaves will soon be lifted. The coca leaf has historically been used in Bolivia, as in many other Andean countries, not only in natural medicine, but also in everyday products such as flour, toothpaste, soap, skin cream, energy bars, tea, energy pills, etc. <br /><br />Several studies conducted by researchers at Harvard University have verified the health benefits of coca, and many other reputable organizations—from the World Health Organization to the National Geographic Society—have also highlighted the medicinal properties of the coca leaf. Regrettably, none of this has so far been sufficient to overcome the widespread vilification of the coca leaf because of its most notorious derivative: cocaine. <br /><br />President Morales’s campaign to end the international ban on coca is clearly justified. It is bad policy to attempt to combat the illegal consumption of cocaine by eradicating coca leaf production in Latin America. Rather than scolding Latin American coca producers and meddling in the internal affairs of Latin American countries, the international community—and especially the United States—should focus the so-called “drug war” on more practical solutions aimed at minimizing demand for cocaine. Without the large demand, there would be no supply problem.<br /><br />Bolivia (as well as Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) has the sovereign right to cultivate, produce, and consume the coca leaf and to continue to benefit from its holistic derivatives. It is time to end the ban.<br /><br /><br />En un <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2011/12/111225_ultnot_bolivia_morales_masticado_coca_onu_jrg.shtml">artículo</a> publicado por la BBC, el presidente de Bolivia, Evo Morales, expresa su confianza que la penalización de masticar hoja de Coca, prohibida por las Naciones Unidas, pronto será despenalizada. Históricamente, la hoja de coca se ha venido usando en Bolivia, como en muchos países Andinos, no sólo como medicina natural, pero también en productos de consumo diario como harina, pasta de dientes, jabón, cremas de piel, energéticos, té, pastillas energéticas, etc. <br /><br />Mucho estudios hechos por investigadores de la universidad Harvard han podido verificar los beneficios saludables de la hoja de coca; Y también, muchas otras organizaciones de renombre—Como la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la National Geographic Society— han destacado las propiedades medicinales de la hoja de coca. Lamentablemente, ninguno de estos estudios tuvieron suficiente peso para superar el repudio impuesto a la hoja de coca, debido a su más notorio derivativo: La Cocaína. <br /><br />La campaña del presidente Morales para terminar con la penalización de la hoja de coca es justificada. Es una mala política que atenta combatir el consumo ilegal de la cocaína erradicando la producción de la hoja de coca en toda América Latina. En ves de reprimir a los productores latinoamericanos de hoja de coca, y entrometerse en los asuntos internos de los países de América Latina, la comunidad internacional—y especialmente los Estados Unidos—deberían enfocar la llamada “Guerra a las drogas” en fomentar soluciones más prácticas enfocadas a minimizar la demanda del consumo de la cocaína. Sin mayor demanda, no existiría el problema de mayor producción. <br /><br />Bolivia (tanto como Perú, Colombia, y Ecuador) tienen el derecho soberano de cultivar, producir, y consumir la hoja de coca; y continuar usando los beneficios de sus derivativos holísticos. Ya es tiempo de terminar con esa absurda penalización.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-13037756016758177132011-07-29T11:57:00.000-07:002012-06-29T08:17:02.221-07:00Susana Baca to the Ministry<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgph9w4lzDIKIaufKA3-IVSstX7kjn49RdxZ4T7d4iHB2hXRudMsbB7zlrr9oHj2TCbSxsYO6z3TC81AeCPqUteHSlesv_zr25MYaUWkz8TQ_yJvaHp70yctYc_nPGxsdJGcG6g3B0c8q/s1600/Susana%252BBaca%252Bsusana_baca.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634855719915937234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgph9w4lzDIKIaufKA3-IVSstX7kjn49RdxZ4T7d4iHB2hXRudMsbB7zlrr9oHj2TCbSxsYO6z3TC81AeCPqUteHSlesv_zr25MYaUWkz8TQ_yJvaHp70yctYc_nPGxsdJGcG6g3B0c8q/s320/Susana%252BBaca%252Bsusana_baca.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 265px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
(Versión Español debajo)<br />
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I don't know whether I should be surprised that two of the leading Spanish-language newspapers,<a href="http://elcomercio.pe/politica/945247/noticia-susana-baca-ministra-cultura-pepi-patron-lo-seria-educacion"> El Comercio</a> (Peru) and <a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/gente/tv/cantante/Susana/Baca/ministra/Cultura/Peru/elpepugen/20110727elpepuage_1/Tes">El Pais</a> (Spain), have so far failed to note the importance of Susana Baca’s appointment as minister of culture by Peru’s president-elect, Ollanta Humala. By contrast, however, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/26/susana-baca-peru-culture-minister">the Guardian</a> (UK) has recognized the historic nature of the appointment: Baca will become the first government minister of Afro-descent to hold a ministerial post since Peru won its independence from Spain.<br />
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In Henry Louis Gates Jr’s documentary series Black in Latin America, Baca discusses the negative depiction of Afro-descendents in Peruvian popular culture—including, for example, a shockingly racist television show that ridicules Afro-descendents. Although it is not yet clear what role the minister of culture will play in Peru (the position was created only recently), within this context, the symbolic importance of Baca’s appointment cannot be overstated.<br />
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I have some reservations about Ollanta Humala, but I have to applaud him for appointing an Afro-descendent to serve in his cabinet. It is a very good start! And I wish Susana Baca every success as minister of culture.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Susana Baca al Ministerio</span><br />
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No se si debería estar sorprendido que dos de los más importantes periódicos en habla hispana,<a href="http://elcomercio.pe/politica/945247/noticia-susana-baca-ministra-cultura-pepi-patron-lo-seria-educacion"> El Comercio</a> (Peru) y <a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/gente/tv/cantante/Susana/Baca/ministra/Cultura/Peru/elpepugen/20110727elpepuage_1/Tes">El País</a> (España), ignoran comentar la importancia que representa Susana Baca como Ministra de Cultura, nombramiento hecho por el reciente presidente-electo de Perú, Ollanta Humala. Sin embargo, en contraste a los periódicos mencionados arriba, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/26/susana-baca-peru-culture-minister">the Guardian</a> (Reino Unido) ha reconocido la importancia de un hecho histórica por tal nombramiento: Baca será la primera ministra afro descendiente que mantendrá un puesto ministerial desde que Perú proclamó su independencia de España.<br />
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En la serie documental de Henry Louis Gates Jr, Black in Latin America (Negros en Latino-América), Baca habla sobre la descripción negativa de los afro-descendientes en la cultura popular peruana—incluyendo por ejemplo, un chocante programa de televisión que ridiculiza a los afro-descendientes. Aunque todavía no esta muy claro cuál será el rol que jugará en el Perú un ministro de cultura (Tal ministerio fue recientemente creado), dentro de este contexto, la importancia simbólica al nombramiento de Baca no es una exageración. <br />
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Tengo algunas reservas con respecto a Ollanta Humala, pero, por ahora, tengo que aplaudir le por nombrar a una afro-descendiente para servir como miembro de su gabinete ministerial. Un muy buen comienzo! Y deseo a Susana Baca todos los éxitos como ministra de cultura.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-22781330654080503622011-06-23T08:35:00.000-07:002011-06-23T08:41:47.880-07:00Usted No Tiene Idea Que Es Un Lugar Infernal!(English Version Below)<br /><br />En un artículo titulado “<a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/20/postcards_from_hell_2011?page=0,44">Postcards from Hell</a>”, Elizabeth Dickinson intenta presentar a Colombia como un estado fallido y como un lugar infernal por todo lo que acontece allí y; poniendo a Colombia en la misma categoría de países como el Congo, Irak, y Zimbabue. Esto realmente es una exageración vulgar. Elizabeth Dickinson pareciera no saber, ni tener una idea clara de las condiciones que realmente se usan para definir la designación de un “estado fallido”, mucho menos pareciera saber que describir un “lugar infernal” también podría usarse para describir condiciones similares en los Estado Unidos—lugares que sufren el abandono del gobierno, como por ejemplo: post-Katrina en Nueva Orleans, o durante la crisis financiera que resultó en perdidas de empleo y hogares de muchas personas que no tenían culpa por tal crisis; tan sólo el gobierno por dar rescates financieros a bancarios culpables e incompetentes. Estos problemas infernales son peores, comparables a los problemas en Colombia. Estimada Elizabeth, hay un lugar realmente infernal muy cerca de usted! <br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">You Don't Know What Hell is!</span><br /><br />In “<a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/20/postcards_from_hell_2011?page=0,44">Postcards from Hell 2011</a>,” Elizabeth Dickinson tries to portray Colombia as a failed state and an all-around hellish place, putting Colombia on the same level as places like Congo, Iraq, and Zimbabwe. This is certainly a gross exaggeration. Dickinson doesn’t seem to have any clear idea of sort of conditions that can cause a state to “fail,” nor does she seem to realize that her idea of “hell” could be used to describe conditions in the United States—in places that suffer government neglect, like post-Katrina New Orleans, for example, or during a financial crisis that results in the loss of jobs and homes for people who bear no culpability for the crisis and in bailouts for the incompetent and culpable bankers. Dear Elizabeth Dickinson, there is a real hell not far from where you are. The problems of this local hell are not comparable to the problems of Colombia; they are worse.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-84956082168392854412011-06-06T09:45:00.000-07:002011-06-06T09:51:39.145-07:00Why Are Latin Americans Dazzled by Miami?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UYTDXJMLcpuVZ3uJzATPY9xInb_9KRD0x5-Gan0yx868Xc9FhIbNKBxyxDFSxXfHFX8BmB8Ksw6Zq5f3txubjyzE-Gq7KIw5_606Ozn2qqmfDYep4aFFAfiT2iTMe_mKPQGdUGSdq_-N/s1600/L1000153.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1UYTDXJMLcpuVZ3uJzATPY9xInb_9KRD0x5-Gan0yx868Xc9FhIbNKBxyxDFSxXfHFX8BmB8Ksw6Zq5f3txubjyzE-Gq7KIw5_606Ozn2qqmfDYep4aFFAfiT2iTMe_mKPQGdUGSdq_-N/s320/L1000153.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615150274787206978" /></a><br /><br />(Spanish Version Below)<br /><br /><br />During my many years of travelling within the United States, I had always avoided Florida. Maybe I was under the influence of certain Americans who tend to think of Florida as the place where old folk to go when they retire, or where students go to get drunk during spring break, or where families take small children to places like Disney World. But recently, I had the opportunity to see Florida for myself when I went on a brief vacation to Miami and the Keys. <br /><br />Miami is a bustling cosmopolitan city that’s fully alive. It has many things to offer anyone interested in pretty much anything. Its beaches are as pristine as those on any Caribbean island, and the ocean is as clear and beautiful. But why are Latin Americans, in particular, so fascinated by Miami? Perhaps it is the close proximity to Spanish America? Perhaps the large Cuban community makes Florida almost seem like part of Latin America? Or maybe it has something to with Florida’s history as a former Spanish territory, which Latinos are reclaiming through their social and economic domination? <br /><br />I tend to think that Miami is a place where the Latin American rich can feel at ease, where they can display their wealth as they please without fear of kidnapping or extortion, where they can shop freely for high-quality consumer goods. Moreover, no Latin American society can compare to the organized and disciplined society of Miami. So the elite from all over Latin America love Miami, prefer to live in Miami, and open businesses in Miami. I wonder, though, why don’t these Latinos help build that kind of orderly, disciplined society in their own countries, instead? This demonstrates for me, once again, that the Latin American rich are selfish and disinterested in giving back to the societies that enabled them to amass their wealth. <br /><br />As for the Cubans in Miami, I have to say that they strike me as a bunch of cynical expats who uncritically oppose everything that is happening in Cuba. Please don’t get me wrong: I am not siding with the Castro brothers. They have to go. Full stop. But that doesn’t mean that the noble purpose of the Cuban Revolution cannot be acknowledged. Under the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, the Cuban government was a puppet of the United States. Batista represented U.S. interests, not the interests of the Cuban people. The Revolution brought about many positive social and economic developments—particularly with respect to the treatment of blacks on the island. But, as Henry Kissinger once said, “power is the ultimate aphrodisiac,” and the Castros have been in thrall to power for too long, too often putting their own interests ahead of the greater good. <br /><br />While in Florida, I was able to talk with many Cuban Americans—all of whom were “white.” The powerful and influential Cuban community in Miami is comprised of the elite who fled the island after the Revolution. I was disappointed, though not all that surprised, to find that Afro-descendants face discrimination within the Cuban diaspora. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />¿Porqué Miami fascina a los latinoamericanos?<br /><br /><br />Durante muchos años de estar viajando dentro de los Estados Unidos, siempre evité visitar la Florida. Podría ser porque estuve bajo la influencia de ciertos amigos Estadounidenses, quienes tienen la tendencia a pensar que la Florida es para personas de avanzada edad, que van allí a jubilarse, o que es un lugar dónde los estudiantes van a emborracharse cuando están de vacaciones de verano, o dónde los padres llevan a sus hijos a visitar Disney. Pero recientemente, he tenido la oportunidad de ver la Florida mientras estuve de vacaciones por Miami y los Cayos. <br /><br />Miami es una ciudad burbujeantemente cosmopolita y llena de vida. Tiene muchas cosas que ofrecer para todos los gustos. El océano es claro y bello, sus playas son prístinas como aquellas playas de cualquier isla Caribeña. Pero mi curiosidad es particularmente ¿porqué es que a los latinos americanos les fascina tanto Miami? Será por su proximidad a otros países latinos? O tal ves porque los Cubanos forman una población bastante grande allí, que eso lo hace como si fuera otro país latinoamericano? O porque históricamente la Florida fue un territorio español, que los latinos parecieran estar reconquistando a través de su influencia social y económica? <br /><br />Mi impresión de Miami es un lugar donde los latinoamericanos ricos pueden sentirse muy cómodos, donde ellos pueden mostrar su poder económico sin ningún temor a ser extorsionados o raptados; donde ellos pueden comprar libremente productos de alta calidad. Además ninguna sociedad en américa latina puede comprarse con el orden y disciplina que se siente en Miami. Por general, el elite latinoamericano adora Miami, prefiere abrir cualquier tipo de comercio allí, y gusta de vivir en esa ciudad. Sin embargo, yo me pregunto, ¿porqué estos latinos afluentes no ayudan ha establecer una sociedad organizada y disciplinada en sus propio país? Una vez más puedo comprobar que el latinoamericano rico es individualista y desinteresado en ayudar su propia sociedad, en invertir/dar algo, a la comunidad que le ayudo amasar su fortuna. <br /><br />Con respecto a los Cubanos en Miami, tengo que decir que mi impresión personal es que ellos son una banda de expatriados cínicos , que sin importarles nada ni nadie se oponen a todo lo que pasa en Cuba. Pero, por favor no me mal entiendan; yo no estoy defendiendo a los hermanos Castro. Ellos tienen que dejar el gobierno Cubano, y punto final! Pero eso no quiere decir que no se debe reconocer la noble intención de la Revolución Cubana. Bajo la dictadura de Fulgencio Batista, Cuba era un títere de los Estados Unidos; Batista representaba los intereses de los Estados Unidos, no los intereses de los Cubanos. La Revolución de Castro trajo muchas cosas positivas, desarrollo social y económico—particularmente con respecto al trato de los negros en la isla. Pero, como dijo una vez Henry Kissinger: “El último afrodisiaco es el poder ”, y los Castro se han sujetado de ese poder por demasiado tiempo, tanto así, que han puesto sus intereses personales antes que los de su propia gente.<br /><br />Cuando estuve en la Florida, tuve la oportunidad de hablar con muchos Cubanos—todos ellos blancos. La poderosa e influyente comunidad Cubana en Miami esta compuesta de un Elite que salió de la isla después de la Revolución. Encontré que los afro-descendiente también se encuentran discriminados por su propia diáspora, y eso me hizo sentir decepcionado, pero no realmente sorprendido de ello.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-86733365840438304252011-03-24T06:09:00.000-07:002011-03-24T06:14:11.092-07:00Obama Conquistou Os Brasileiros<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG5GptE1ylh2MCaz9_ugk-TpgvBz5ukUlfASIFrFTCQ2rD6g9KUqV9_beuYXTNGkguQP7EJl9JHJpybf30feEAJqTt9mU18t1-mlOCURMawoL4qMuip_86jTdukkPr54oNx-RA4VkIV40T/s1600/image001.png"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 259px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG5GptE1ylh2MCaz9_ugk-TpgvBz5ukUlfASIFrFTCQ2rD6g9KUqV9_beuYXTNGkguQP7EJl9JHJpybf30feEAJqTt9mU18t1-mlOCURMawoL4qMuip_86jTdukkPr54oNx-RA4VkIV40T/s320/image001.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587633411485826450" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br />[ENGLISH VERSION BELOW]<br /><br />A visita do presidente Obama ao Brasil, no meu ponto da vista foi um sucesso. Ele conquistou os corações dos Brasileiros com seus comentários—feitos em português—sobre como o povo brasileiro e maravilhoso e tambem de suas semelhancas pessoais com os últimos presidentes do Brasil (Um líder de sindicatos e outra filha do imigrantes). Além disso, Obama mencionou que as favelas são o futuro da um Brasil Novo. Também falou sobre o jeito poético do Jorge Ben, dos livros de Paulo Coelho, e com muita eloqüência destacou o potencial brasileiro nas áreas social e econômica e política, ambos, o Brasil como nação e como fator importante global na Arena Política. <br /><br />Durante sua visita, Obama elogiou os avanços notáveis da economia e política do Brasil que ajudou a democracia se concretizar no pais. Consideremos, que ha não muito tempo atrás os ditadores governaram o Brasil. E com sutileza admirável, Obama falou sobre mas inclusão social, deu como exemplo, o grande potencial das favelas como fonte produtora de médicos, advogados, e outras profissionais. <br /><br />Finalmente, algumas pessoas diriam que ele desconversou um pouco—porque o Congresso nos Estados Unidos tem mais influência política—Obama fiz um ponto persuasivo e claro para o Brasil, que os Estados Unidos é o melhor parceiro econômico que a China. No final, o Brasileiro pareceu ficar encando com o presidente Obama.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Obama Enchants the Brazilians</span><br /><br />From my point of view, President Obama’s visit to Brazil has been a success. He conquered Brazilian hearts with his ingratiating comments—made, by the way, in Portuguese—on how amazing the Brazilian people are and on the similarities between his own personal background and that of Brazil’s two most recent presidents (one a union leader, the other the daughter of immigrants). In addition, Obama pointed out that the favelas are the future of the new Brazil. Referencing the poetic songs of Jorge Ben and the writings of Paulo Coelho, he spoke eloquently of Brazil’s economic, social, and political potential—both as a nation and as an important actor in the international arena. <br /><br />During the visit, Obama has masterfully—and rightly—praised the remarkable economic and political advances Brazil has made as democracy has taken root in the country. After all, it was not so long ago that Brazil was governed by dictators. And with admirable subtlety, Obama has called for greater social inclusion, pointing, for example, to the tremendous potential of the favelas as a source of doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. <br /><br />Finally, although he desconversou (misspoke) a bit—in the United States, it is the Congress that holds political leverage—Obama made a clear and compelling case that, for Brazil, the United States can be a better economic partner than China. As a result of all this, everyone in Brazil seems to be enchanted with President Obama.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-49056710696603089382010-12-31T10:06:00.000-08:002010-12-31T10:08:55.199-08:00Cotas RaciasBrazil’s Ministry of External Relations, also know as <span style="font-style:italic;">Itamaraty</span>, has promulgated a very important and significant plan to recruit Afro-descendants as diplomatic personnel. Some Brazilians may, perhaps, find this policy a bit controversial, but the reality is that social division in Brazil is high. Social exclusion is a fact of life in Brazil that many have learned to live with. The prevailing cultural attitude is essentially, “There it is, what can we do about it?” Within this context, therefore, the Itamaraty plan is necessary and welcome––and it may well be a big step toward a more modern, just, and integrated Brazil.<br /><br />If <span style="font-style:italic;">Itamaraty</span> is seriously going to promote social inclusion, however, starting with Afro-descendants, then the selection process must be overseen by an independent panel. Also, it will in some cases be difficult to identify Afro-descendants. Because racial discrimination is based on appearances as well as social status, rather than on papers or claims for the sake of solidarity, the best way of proceeding might be simply to select those with natural African features. <br /><br />In this <a href="http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2010/12/29/cotas-raciais-decisao-do-itamaraty-gera-polemica-923389728.asp">article</a> published by OGlobo, a leading anthropologist decries this policy as “é escandaloso.... We are all part of the human race with equal conditions.” Let me tell you that in Brazil this statement is a joke. In Brazil, discrimination and social exclusion are facts of life. Brazil is not a cohesive society; the conditions are not equal. I applaud the steps that <span style="font-style:italic;">Itamaraty</span> is taking to close the gap between whites and blacks among the diplomatic corps. However, I hope the implementation of the new plan is well structured and based on sound policies. I hope the effort is serious, that it is not just a cynical way for <span style="font-style:italic;">Itamarary</span> to create a more positive image for itself. If that is the case, then this plan would, in the end, amount to a serious set back for efforts to promote social inclusion in Brazil. So please Itamaraty, don’t screw it up!!Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-72125054268393703332010-11-29T10:10:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:29:26.568-08:00Banks: Who Needs Them? Or, Do We Really Need Banks?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQMQLEIl4jqi2NAqjKq6lBZ1OWH_jp7R7x0HN_g2QCUW4DDR1ha8YTgVbVFHnOZNgQkcZ0mSye6gcQ_7gA_ji8jUzqJLKTvAS51uGiK52swl4Bzb7F_E52toCD0tOfoO0u3BQB6Pa_Niz_/s1600/IMG_0004.JPG"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 239px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQMQLEIl4jqi2NAqjKq6lBZ1OWH_jp7R7x0HN_g2QCUW4DDR1ha8YTgVbVFHnOZNgQkcZ0mSye6gcQ_7gA_ji8jUzqJLKTvAS51uGiK52swl4Bzb7F_E52toCD0tOfoO0u3BQB6Pa_Niz_/s320/IMG_0004.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5545040534670443634" /></a><br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/20/eric-cantona-bank-protest-campaign">This recent article</a> published in the Guardian really got me thinking about my own experience using debit or credit cards and about how rotten the banking system has become. I realized that my life could probably go on indefinitely without a single dollar in my wallet. Nowadays, I pay all my expenses with that strangely tangible and yet intangible currency represented by plastic cards. Bills? I pay them online. Eating or drinking out? I pay with a card. Shopping? Card. I even use a card to pay the meter when parking my car. I simply don’t ever need to hold those smelly, germ-carrying bills anymore.<br /><br />I am certain that I am not the only one experiencing this total transition to plastic, which makes me wonder: Is the actual currency represented by all those electronic transactions even available? What if Eric Cantonas’s campaign were to succeed, what if the massive coordinated withdrawal of money from banks were to take place on December 7? I decided to explore this by making my own inquires. I called a few banks in Washington, DC. The (rudely communicated) response was that the withdrawal of a large amount takes more than a week to process. So let’s say you decide to withdraw $100K, if they approve it and allow you to walk away from their branch with all your money—a big if, given that the money is essentially a part of their capital. The “easy” option would be for you to accept a certified check, which returns us to my initial point about strangely tangible and yet intangible forms of currency. Now, let’s suppose that all US accountholders are able to withdraw their total savings—a grand total in the billions or trillions. Would that amount really exist in cash? Is it really readily available? The obvious answer is, no. So how dependable and indispensable are banks these days?<br /><br />Consider the case of CreditAnstalt, an Austrian bank backed by the Austrian government that collapsed nonetheless when depositors withdrew all their money. It turned out that neither the bank nor the government actually had the resources to protect those savings. Banks in general are asked to comply with only two things: “Allocate savings and manage credit risk.” Full stop. Now consider what happened in the United States and Greece, what is now happening in Ireland and Spain, and what will soon happen in Portugal. In these countries, the banks did not do either of those two things. The lesson here is that weak and irresponsible banks deserve to be abandoned to their own risk. They deserve to collapse, and not a single dime of taxpayer money should be spent to bail them out. This is globalization in all its glory: the strong, the capable, the innovative deserve to survive, to compete in global markets, and to earn some back-up from governments. Globalization and protectionism try sometimes to hold hands, but they always make an odd couple. It is like going to a wedding reception, where the gossip centers on how long the marriage will last.<br /><br />What we are seeing or experiencing right now is merely a shifting of global powers. The West is fighting tooth and nail to keep its global dominance against emerging global power centers in places like China and Brazil. Global economic decisions are no longer made solely by Germany, France, Unites States, or Great Britain. Remember, money makes the world go around—seriously around, not around the few. Don’t forget to keep an eye on yours on December 7, whether you look at it on a computer screen or join the Cantonas campaign and (try to) hold it in your hand.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-74542114211758642082010-10-14T19:00:00.000-07:002010-10-15T17:10:40.388-07:00Mario Vargas Llosa y Yo<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP8RcUiY34JkG6U4i7UFfA5mvOx6U5SQINimnxKRtHhyphenhyphenvYCXLg7_dyeeBhN5zMMQeiPPsQAi6YAK367tisr_rx8V35dEQz5SW6N3qXgPQsOBrk-MnCFcrVc0Fzgmk8ZMzJT-KglqSwlvmr/s1600/Vargas+Llosa.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 255px; height: 318px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP8RcUiY34JkG6U4i7UFfA5mvOx6U5SQINimnxKRtHhyphenhyphenvYCXLg7_dyeeBhN5zMMQeiPPsQAi6YAK367tisr_rx8V35dEQz5SW6N3qXgPQsOBrk-MnCFcrVc0Fzgmk8ZMzJT-KglqSwlvmr/s320/Vargas+Llosa.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5528424750535126162" /></a><br />[ENGLISH VERSION BELOW]<br /><br />Espero que después de leer este articulo, usted no piense que yo estoy haciendo alarde de haber conocido a Mario Vargas Llosa. Pero el haberlo conocido me hace sentir una sensación de honor y orgullo por un escritor ilustre, por un ensayista y, por un político (aún más raro) honesto quien inspiró mi interés en política. <br /><br />Caí bajo el encanto de Vargas Llosa en 1990, cuando él era líder del Movimiento Libertad. En ese entonces, yo vivía en Perú, y yo fui voluntario para trabajar como organizador de grupos estudiantiles en la región de Ucayali. Poco después de haber empezado la campaña política, fui a una conferencia dirigida por el mismísimo Mario Vargas Llosa, en la capital, Lima. Así fue como lo conocí a él por primera vez, e inmediatamente quede impresionado por su comportamiento, su tono relajado, y su pasión por querer ayudar al Perú a salir de una crisis severa—una inflación de más de 6.000 por ciento, altísimo desempleo, y el terrorismo que amenazaba seriamente. Su discurso político hacia parecer que todo era posible. Yo, simplemente estaba anonadado. Mario Vargas Llosa tenía un plan de gobierno bien estructurado y documentado cuidadosamente, de manera que se pueda deshacer se de los males que destruían Perú. Esencialmente era una guía paso a paso de cómo curar “al hombre enfermo”.<br /><br />Como político primerizo, Vargas Llosa fue muy honesto como para tener éxito en un país donde los políticos más experimentados y de trayectoria antigua, ya estaban destinados al infierno, sin posibilidad de redención. Sus más cercanos aliados fueron políticos incompetentes que los peruanos no querían ver de vuelta al poder. Y en un país tan católico y mojigato como lo fue/es Perú, decir en pleno debate televisivo, que cuando era joven él hizo cosas por diversión, puso a mucha gente sonrojar o gritar en horror. Era como contarle un chiste rojo a una pobre viejecita que rezaba ante la imagen de la Virgen María. <br /><br />Lo curioso fue que aún que Vargas Llosa perdió la elección presidencial ante Alberto Fujimori, últimamente su plan de gobierno todavía pudo beneficiar al Perú. Fujimori implementó mucho de los planes económicos de Vargas Llosa—Aunque, lamentablemente, Fujimori lo hizo sin considerar el respeto de Vargas Llosa por los derechos humanos. <br /><br />Después de los resultados a las elecciones de 1990, los peruanos expresaron sentimientos encontrados por Vargas Llosa. Para algunas personas, él es un hombre muy bien considerado y querido, para otros… sólo dimagos que ellos no piensan de él con admiración y cariño. Muchas veces él fue tratado como un extranjero en su propio país; incomprendido por la gente que se dejo cegar por extremado nacionalismo. Pero estos días, yo asumo que Vargas Llosa debe sentirse inmensamente complacido, haber sido galardonado con el Premio Nóbel de Literatura, y sentirse finalmente muy querido por el país que una ves sintió disgusto por él—aquel país que nunca dejo de ser mencionado en casi todos sus libros. Vargas Llosa nunca dejo de amar el Perú. <br /><br />No sólo el Perú se siente con mucho orgullo y felicidad por tener un laureado del premio Nóbel, único en su clase; también América Latina puede sentirse orgulloso y feliz. Y realmente, Vargas Llosa representa <span style="font-style:italic;">América</span>, desde los árticos del Canadá hasta la Tierra de Fuego en Chile—no simplemente por esa pequeña división nombrada por astutos padres fundadores, aquella patria que se hace llamar “América”, tampoco por divisiones particulares definidas por tendencias raciales o económicas. América es como dos niños que fueron criados por dos distintos padres. <br /><br />Muchos años después de la campaña política de 1990, yo me encontré otra ves con Vargas Llosa en la universidad de Georgetown. Había tantos cosas que yo le quería decir, quería conversar con él como compatriotas que somos fuera de nuestro país, y talvez compartir recuerdos en común; pero al final, me quede corto de palabras, y simplemente le dije cuánto lo admiraba a él y cuánto gusto de sus libros. Que yo pienso que él es realmente un gran escritor. Pero entonces, él ya lo sabia. Inclusive, ahora el comité de los premios Nóbel lo ha reconocido así. <br /><br />Espero tener el privilegio de encontrar lo algún día, otra vez. <br /><br />[ENGLISH VERSION]<br /><br />"MARIO VARGAS LLOSA and Me" <br /><br />After you finish reading this, I hope you will not think that I was bragging about knowing Mario Vargas Llosa. But I feel a strong sense of pride and honor in having met this illustrious writer, essayist, and (even rarer) honest politician who inspired my interest in politics.<br /><br />I first fell under the spell of Vargas Llosa in 1990, when he was the leader of Movimiento Libertad. I was living in Peru at the time, and had volunteered to work as the student group organizer in the region of Ucayali. Soon after the campaign began, I went to a conference in the capital, Lima, with Mario Vargas Llosa himself. That was the first time I met him, and I was immediately impressed by his demeanor, his relaxed tone, and his passion for helping Peru get out of a severe economic crisis—inflation was over 6,000 percent, unemployment was very high, and terrorism was a serious threat. I was, quite simply, in awe of him. His political speeches made everything seem possible. Mario Vargas Llosa had a carefully structured and well-documented plan for ridding Peru of all its maladies. It was essentially a step-by-step guide for how to cure “the sick man.” <br /><br />As a fresh politician, Vargas Llosa was too honest to succeed in a country where the more seasoned, old-school politicians were already destined for hell without redemption. His closest political allies were incompetent politicians whom Peruvians didn’t want back in power. And in a country as Catholic and as prudish as Peru was/is, for a politician to confess during a televised debate to things that he had done for fun when he was young makes many people blush or almost cry out in horror. It’s a little like telling a dirty joke to an old lady while she’s praying before the Virgin Mary. <br /><br />The funny thing is that although Vargas Llosa ultimately lost the presidential election to Alberto Fujimori, his plan still benefitted Peru. Fujimori went on to implement most of Vargas Llosa’s economic plans—though, sadly, he did so without Vargas Llosa’s respect for human rights. <br /><br />In the aftermath of the 1990 election, and even today, Peruvians have mixed feelings about Vargas Llosa. For some people, he is a beloved and well-regarded man; for others . . . well, let’s just say that they don’t think of him with fondness or admiration. He was treated like a foreigner in his own country. He was misunderstood by people who were blinded by extreme nationalism. But these days, I assume that it must be immensely gratifying for Vargas Llosa, having been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, to feel loved at last by the country that had once so disliked him—the country that never stopped appearing in almost all his books. Vargas Llosa never stopped loving Peru.<br /><br />Not only can Peru feel pride and happiness at having the Nobel Laureate as one of its own, but all Latin America can also feel proud and happy. And in truth, Vargas Llosa represents <span style="font-style:italic;">America</span>, from the Arctic in Canada to the Tierra de Fuego in Chile—not merely one small division outside the portion named “America” by clever founding fathers, and not a particular division defined by economic or racial trends. America is like two kids raised by two different fathers. <br /><br />Many years after the 1990 campaign, I met Vargas Llosa again at Georgetown University. There was so much I wanted to say to him. I wanted to address him as a fellow Peruvian abroad, to share common memories. But in the end, I fell short of words. I simply shook his hand and told him how much I admire him and his writing. I told him that I think he is truly a great writer. But then, he already knew that. Now, even the Nobel Committee has recognized it. <br /><br />I hope I will have the privilege of meeting him again someday.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-57768141010848140782010-10-07T16:17:00.000-07:002010-10-07T16:18:58.945-07:00Elections in Brazil, a Mess in EcuadorAs <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/noticias/2010/10/101006_serra_mercados_rp.shtml">BBC Brasil observed today</a>, the presidential election has divided the country. Roughly half of all Brazilians endorse Dilma Rousseff’s plans to continue Lula’s policies, while the other half endorse Jose Serra’s proposal to introduce strong market regulations. The skepticism about Rousseff’s candidacy--in Brazil and abroad--centers on the prospect of maintaining continuity with a different face. In less than a month, the results of a run-off ballot will determine the winner. And so both candidates are currently wooing Marina Silva’s voters, 19 percent of the Brazilian electorate. <br /><br />If I were Brazilian, my vote would go to Serra because electing Rousseff would be tantamount to reelecting Lula Da Silva. A Rousseff government could even resemble the current situation in Russia, where Putin seems to be pulling the strings of a puppet president. Can Brazilians really know for sure whether Rousseff would be the puppet or the puppeteer? With Serra, by contrast, the answer is clear. <br /><br />The outcome of the presidential election is important because Brazil still needs to solidify its market economy. The implementation of sound economic policies, which would help ensure a well-regulated market, are needed in order for Brazil to show it’s serious about becoming a hegemon in the region and increasing its influence in the international arena. The economic policies pursued by Lula were, more or less, an extension of the policies of his predecessor, Henrique Cardoso. And those policies were optimal for the times, giving good results--reducing poverty, for example, and improving education and literacy rates. However, I believe Serra has made a compelling case for following the same economic recipes but with some important new ingredients, including an improved financial regulatory scheme. <br /><br />Yet most Brazilians are not primarily focused on economic issues in this election. Instead, the voters are divided based largely on questions of political style and the personalities of the candidates. In the end, Marina Silva’s voters will make the difference on October 31st. <br /><br />Meanwhile in Ecuador . . . what a mess!! Or should I say, the mess continues. I wonder whether Ecuadorians have really grasped the concept of democracy or the consequences of military action taken against their own democratically elected government. Ousting Rafael Correa would not have solved Ecuador’s internal problems. What’s so sad is that it’s the indigenous population that suffers most due to the ineptitude of both the left and the right. Don’t be surprised if a candidate with an indigenous background emerges as a viable candidate in the next presidential campaign. Such a candidate could make a huge difference, simply by appealing to the solidarity of his or her fellow indigenous people.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-65494425204633352282010-09-11T10:44:00.000-07:002010-09-11T19:02:36.454-07:00Sustainable TourismI recently visited Costa Rica and Panama, which are in Central America—all right, correction, Panamanians feel more a part of the Caribbean region. I know that. In any case, both countries enjoy innumerable resources for attracting tourists and keeping them happy. However, Costa Rica is on the road to losing its national identity. Its economy can no longer sustain the cheap prices that once made the country a paradise, and it is alienating its citizens by pushing them into ghettoized areas where tourism is not rampant. Now, Costa Rica is not cheap for either the locals or the tourists. Its precious ecological resources are being exploited with few restrictions and without sensible policies to ensure the balance between economic development and environmental sustainability that had earned pacific Costa Rica its reputation as the Switzerland of Central America. <br /><br />If you visited Costa Rica more than five years ago, you would be shocked by the current decline of a nation that was almost as exotic and virginal as the Amazon could be. Today, the country is almost another American state. The day tourists stop thinking of CR as cool and fun—as they have stopped thinking of Cancun as fun—it could become like Detroit has become since the car industry evaporated. Devastating! The Costa Rican economy would be in tatters, unemployment and social insecurity would destroy the nation, and major economic adjustments would be needed. Devaluation would be necessary, and its external debt would increase at least ten fold. This is an exaggeration, you might say, but keep one thing in mind: tourists are always looking for a place where they can avoid other tourists. This is ironic, but true. Currently, many Ticos complain that they cannot afford the market prices that have resulted from the massive influx of tourists. Crime is on the rise in Costa Rica, and the infrastructure is in decay—especially the transportation system. Ticos generally blame tourists for the rise in their cost of living. <br /><br />On my way to Panama I couldn’t help noticing how polluted Puerto Viejo was. This Caribbean beach town on the Costa Rican side of the border has been “invaded” by U.S. Marines, prostitution and drugs are everywhere, and one gets a generally unsavory and unpleasant feeling while strolling through the town. Some people might differ with this assessment, but that would probably be because those people were either wasted to the point of not remembering anything or because they got laid as a token of Tico hospitality and are now biased. <br /><br />Costa Rica must begin immediately to address the issues that are damaging its precious environment and threatening its economy. And please do not confuse sustainable tourism with ecotourism, which Costa Rica promotes assiduously—and rightly so. These are two entirely different things. <br /><br />By contrast, I found Panama invigorating, charming, and very pleasant overall. Plus, Panamanians are much friendlier and eager to be hospitable. Panama has adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency, but the cost of living is relatively cheap. Some things are expensive in Panama, like anywhere else, yet you can buy a beer for 50 cents and dine very well for $2.50. The Panamanian economy is relatively well insulated against currency fluctuations—or at least so one hopes! Switching from the dollar to the balboa would not cause massive chaos. Further, through a UNESCO program, Casco Viejo (old town) is being restored to its original splendor. In addition to promoting private enterprise, this project enables virtually anyone to buy property in the old city and provides free advice on how to build or maintain the French and Spanish colonial architecture. The beautification and restoration of Casco Viejo goes on in parallel with high-rise construction in the financial district <span style="font-style:italic;">à la</span> Miami. <br /><br />While in Panama, I had the great pleasure of meeting fantastic and brilliant people—one Australian, a lovely Seattleite, and a Californian—all of whom were, like me, backpacking in the region. Although we might have had different social, economic, and political perspectives, the most important thing was what we had in common: concern for people, the environment, our futures. And we all disapproved of the malaise that affects us all thanks to bad public policies and the consequences of capitalism in its most hardcore form. You might say, “Hello? Did you need to travel miles away to find that out?” But this is the funny thing: when you live, eat, and pretty much breathe politics in Washington, DC, that innocence, idealism, or even naiveté that once was within you can be transformed by obsession, ambition, and cynicism. And so, I dedicate this post to Chrissy Shimizu, Collin Smith, and Daniel Lonard. Thanks for the good times, guys!Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-2434719010063432422010-08-23T13:46:00.000-07:002010-08-23T13:48:13.414-07:00LATAMIn an article published in <a href="http://oglobo.globo.com/economia/mat/2010/08/13/tam-lan-anunciam-acordo-acoes-serao-trocadas-por-bdrs-da-lan-917390855.asp"><span style="font-style:italic;">O Globo</span></a> of Brazil, TAM Airlines (Brazil) and Lan (Chile) have announced their intention to merge and, thereby, to create the largest airline business alliance in the South American region, if not the entire Western Hemisphere. If everything goes as planned both airlines will be fused into LATAM, though they will keep their individual names and separate headquarters. <br /><br />I have seen many articles on the Web speculating about which global alliance LATAM might choose to join—Star Alliance, of which TAM is already a member, or One World, of which Lan is a member. I tend to think that LATAM would gain greater competitive advantage by choosing to be part of Star Alliance because its U.S. member carriers (Continental, United, and U.S. Airways) currently have little presence in South America. Star Alliance could give LATAM a strong marketing image and, in turn, LATAM could give Star Alliance access to a virgin market. By contrast, the only U.S. carrier affiliated with One World is American Airlines, which already has a huge presence in Latin America but also has an increasingly bad image there—due not only to its low levels of customer service, but also to its complacency in a market that it takes for granted. Moreover, American is always looking for new ways to charge its customers more, the latest being an extra fee for “front row seats.” No wonder no other U.S. carrier wants to be associated with One World/American Airlines. <br /><br />With that said, the Southern cone of South America could become a major international hub, making LATAM a world-renowned carrier on its own merits as well as a serious competitor of American Airlines in the region. I don’t know whether you are aware of it, but there are no direct flights from any country in South America to Japan, China, or other parts of Asia or to Africa. Currently, Qantas, an Australian airline (One World) flies directly from Australia to Chile and Argentina and serves as a connection to those regions above. But why shouldn’t Brazil, Argentina, Chile, or Peru—which has a new state-of-the-art airport—allow Air New Zealand, which is a Star Alliance member, to provide connecting flights as well? Or, even better, why not allow Air China, South African Airlines, or All Nippon Airlines to provide direct flights? After all, it’s all about politics and economic competitiveness. (<span style="font-style:italic;">Camarão que dorme a onda leva</span>.) <br /><br />There is also talk that Avianca, a Colombian carrier with an increasingly strong presence in the northern parts of South America and, through its partnership with TACA airlines, Central America, is in talks to become part of the Star Alliance. This would not damage or undermine the presence of LATAM; on the contrary, it would likely increase its profitability and its market capacity. The major airline hubs to countries in the South Pacific, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and even the Middle East are all now in the United States. But since Brazil and Chile are emerging markets with more economic trade to those regions, it is time to have a major airline hub in South America. The merger between TAM and LAN could make this possible.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-252367789863876022010-08-13T09:59:00.000-07:002010-08-13T10:02:23.047-07:00Indígena Amazónico a la PresidenciaLeí en la página Web de la BBC Mundo, que los indígenas del Amazonas decidieron formar su propio <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/08/100811_0352_peru_pizango_indigenas_evo_fp.shtml">partido político</a>, lo cuál espero que de ser electos para el congreso peruano, o inclusive, para la presidencia; se pueda ver cambios tangibles para la mejora y la protección de la amazonia peruana y sus habitantes. El derecho a mantener sus costumbres, a existir sin imposiciones sociales modernas, prevenir la continua creciente deforestación de la selva, y evitar la explotación desmesurada del Amazonas, deben ser factores importantes en la agenda política de cualquier candidato a la presidencia del Perú, en las próximas elecciones de 2011. <br /><br />Pero, lo que más me llamo la atención del articulo leído fue el comentario del ex ministro del interior, Fernando Rospigliosi. Comentarios racistas e inconsiderados, no propio de un profesional que estuvo a cargo de un ministerio público. A que se refiere Rospigliosi cuando dice con tanta seguridad que Pizango, el líder indígena del nuevo partido político, <span style="font-style:italic;">“no tiene ninguna opción de llegar a la presidencia”</span>. ¿Cuál es realmente la razón que descalifica a Pizango en su posibilidad a ser presidente?, será porque Pizango es indígena, de una zona rural de la selva del Perú (los moradores de la selva del Perú siempre han sido discriminados y tomados como burla); o porque lleva un atuendo autóctono, y como cualquier líder comunitario ha tenido que hacer protestas callejeras.<br />Sigo en duda, ¿Cuál será la razón?.<br /> <br />Y eso de comparar un país con el otro. ¿Qué es lo que Rospigliosi quiso exactamente decir cuando se refiere que el <span style="font-style:italic;">“Perú no es Bolivia”</span>. Que su país es mejor que Bolivia, que los peruanos son una cultura más civilizada, o que en su país los indígenas, cholos o como Rospigliosi quiera diferenciarlos; no tienen oportunidad a ser presidente. (¿). Comparaciones como esas , se escucha feo. Peor aún, si compara una cultura con la otra. No hay culturas mejores que otras, cada cultura o grupo social es distinto, con caracteres únicos o similares a otra cultura, pero que no los hace ni más, ni menos. A Rospigliosi se le olvido que fue ministro en la presidencia de Alejandro Toledo, también un líder de descendencia indígena. <br /><br />Imagino que a Rospigliosi no se le ocurrió tener un poco más de consideración antes de hacer tales comentarios. Fueron comentarios instigadores y mal intencionados, que no ayudan a romper esas divisiones sociales que son tan profundas en el Perú, tampoco ayuda a mejorar las relaciones políticas entre Perú y Bolivia. Permítame decirle que no sólo en Bolivia un líder comunitario llegó a la presidencia, también eso ocurrió en Brasil, Polonia, y muchos otros países.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6454670826189900947.post-66010353515805795672010-07-08T12:10:00.000-07:002010-07-08T13:52:20.555-07:00What's in It for Me?Andres Oppenheimer’s <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/06/26/1703018/latin-americas-rich-should-be.html">column</a> on the 2010 “World Wealth Report” in yesterday’s <span style="font-style:italic;">Miami Herald</span> confirms once again that the rich in Latin America are selfish and uninterested in building a better future for their societies. While the rich in the developed world live in essentially the same way as everyone else in, say, Bern, New York, Monaco, or London, the Latin American rich live apart in almost unimaginable opulence, flaunting their wealth without any remorse or guilt. They take the world as it is, not as it could be. <br /><br />When I was living in George Town, the capital of the Cayman Islands, and working for an offshore bank, I once saw so much money coming out of a single country that it was inconceivable to me that that country could have such high levels of poverty. I routinely saw rich Latin Americans open bank accounts with suitcases full of cash (literally). But, of course, I was not allowed to ask where the money came from or what kind of “business” had yielded such unbelievably large profits. Bank regulations; sorry!<br /><br />It seems not to be in the nature of Latin Americans to behave selflessly or to contribute even part of their wealth to charitable foundations, people in need, programs to alleviate poverty, and the like. Moreover, they seem wholly disinterested in volunteering for any kind of cause. The attitude has always been, “If I do this, what’s in it for me?” Of course, the rich are under no formal obligation to give money to the poor or to support efforts to improve the lot of their fellow citizens. But unlike the less than 1 percent of the world population that benefits from “old money,” the Latin American rich have been able to amass their fortunes thanks to the societies within which they live. Thus, there is a moral obligation to give something back. <br /><br />I am not talking about giving away all or even half of your fortune. I am merely talking about making a difference, making a contribution—even if, in exchange, a project, building, or school has to be named after you. Don’t worry about leaving your children without your wealth. If they have received a good education, they will make their own wealth too. And that is the best legacy that the rich can leave to their families, right? Also, why not at least try volunteering at a hospital, a community kitchen, or a public school? For a rich Latin American to do so would be like a miracle in <span style="font-style:italic;">Mes Morado</span> in Peru or <span style="font-style:italic;">Festa de Todos os Santos</span> in Brazil. Sadly, I don’t think many rich people in Latin America would even consider these idealistic suggestions. <br /><br />By contrast, the United States seems to offer a good example of self-giving and compassionate behavior. Please, don’t get me wrong. I am not saying the United States is better than any other country. I am just pointing out that Americans themselves seem to be especially generous. This is not about the economics of wealth concentration or political influence; rather, it just seems to be part of the natural way of being for many Americans.Yorgos D. Schwartzmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06463207690024083394noreply@blogger.com1